Streets.mn Gets Results | streets.mn

This post is authored by various streets.mn writers. Please donate to streets.mn for the “streets to the max” day! Thank you for your support.

streetsmn logoCities are subject to the observer effect, the observer cannot observe the city without changing it.

So, as we approach our 4th Birthday, what have posts on streets.mn done to change the landscape in the Twin Cities?

Success has a 1000 fathers, but authors will claim victory for the following, which took place after  streets.mn poking and prodding. We can never know what would have happened in the alternative mirror-world universe where streets.mn only advocates for freeway expansions, but we believe our work might have made the crucial difference, serving as a critical link in the great causal chain we call reality.

  1. The new Mn United Stadium proposed in Put the MLS Stadium on the Snelling-University Bus Barn Site
  2. Metro Transit’s new Bus Stop Signs advocated in Towards a First-Class Bus System 
  3. Faster times on the Green Line, proposed multiple times, notably in Speeding up the Green LineGreen Line Signal Priority Q&A (certainly Metro Transit wanted this as well, but public pressure, from streets.mn to local newspapers and TV stations, probably accelerated the work of City Public Works departments to get the signal timings in place to avoid further public scrutiny)
  4. Real-time information at LRT stations, griped about in Three More Green Line Station Gripes, (although admittedly this change was planned, “Please Check Schedules” would have hung around longer in the absence of complaint)
  5. An exempt sign on Franklin Avenue identified in Buses and railroad crossings 
  6. Saint Paul parking policy presaged in How Much is Saint Paul Leaving on the Table with its Backward Downtown Parking Policy?
  7. Vikings share in funding after The Met Council is Spending $6,000,000 on this Unnecessary Pedestrian Bridge? (though not nearly enough)
  8. Washington Avenue through downtown will have a cycletrack and one fewer lanes after it’s rebuilt in 2016. streets.mn played a pivotal role in offering analysis of the traffic prediction reports for the project. Those were foundational for a Minneapolis Bicycle Coalition blog post that had sway with elected officials and project staff.
  9. The Hennepin-Lyndale Bottleneck is also slated for reconstruction in 2016. Initially planned as simple curb-to-curb rebuilding of the stretch as is, lots of visioning and writing on streets.mn (plus even-longer-term community organizing around it by the surrounding neighborhoods) has resulted in a significant change of plans. From the streets.mn side, it was a group effort with a slew of posts. The most effective posts were the ones that highlighted the need for public engagement to force more than redoing the current design by highlighting the meeting dates and times, plus offering specific comments people could make to shift the conversation at them. A multitude of inspiring visions added momentum.
  10. On a neighborhood scale, there are the new protected bikeways and pedestrian medians on 26th and 28th. streets.mn provided some good ideas and a call to action (meeting 1 and 2), and a design for the stretch
  11. streets.mn has expanded and enhanced the conversation around land use helping new voices engage in the planning process. The example of 2320 Colfax, is important not so much because of the specific project, but because it helped people who want increased density know about the proposed project and how to engage — if readers wanted to. Stepping back, at the time Minneapolis was at a tipping point between more urban vs. status quo decisions. If this project could happen without political catastrophe, it showed other elected officials that they could risk it, too. See post 1post 2 (with info on engaging), post 3
  12. Saving Dinkytown from surface parking lots [With lots of activity on the Forums]
  13. Posts about quarter-mile bus stop spacing have seemingly influenced some of MetroTransit’s decision-making and consideration of route planning
  14. Changes to the ITDP BRT Scorecard as recommended by a Critique posted on the site. Including
    1 – Bus only shoulders (in the form of queue jumps) receive one point on the BRT Basics section of dedicated right-of-way as they accomplish the goal of reducing traffic delay in most situations.
    2 – Frequencies were removed from the scoring section of the scorecard and added to deductions.
    3 – Clarified where sliding doors had to be placed in stations
    4 – Removal of some BRT only sections such that the entire transit system can work together (Branding not only other BRT routes)
    5 – Removal of specific times for rush hour
  15. The streets.mn series (by Anne White) (1) (2) about access to the Green Line. There was quite a bit of discussion generated in the comment section with those posts, discussions generated at streets.mn did inform the discussion at those meetings.

Anne White writes:

The reason I write for streets.mn is because I hope to contribute to the discussion in a way that helps lead to change. Usually my articles are inspired by work that is already being done to try to improve walkability and pedestrian safety. In the case of the articles cited by Monica on access to the Green Line, I wanted to call attention to the report and video produced by the District Councils Collaborative, to introduce people to the MN Olmstead Plan and to invite participation in a meeting that was scheduled to discuss access issues. I don’t know if I succeeded in getting more streets.mn readers to attend the meeting or to follow the progress of the MN Olmstead Plan that was recently accepted by Judge Donovan Frank, after having been sent back several times to be strengthened.
 
The one result I am aware of came about because I shared these articles with my son, Chris White, who lives in New York, and is the Executive Producer of POV, the documentary division of PBS. I thought he would be interested in the short video produced by the DCC. It turned out that he was very interested, because of his enthusiasm for a film that was featured as the opening film of the 2014 POV season. When I Walk documents the filmmaker’s life after being diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis and introduces an access mapping app he developed to allow people to rank the accessibility of stores and restaurants in his Brooklyn neighborhood. My son shared the DCC film with Jason DaSilva, the filmmaker, and introduced us by e-mail.
 
After corresponding with Jason by e-mail and viewing his film, I recommended it to some key people in Saint Paul, including staff at the DCC and the Olmstead Project office. I also told them about the AXS Map system and suggested we might want to begin using it here in Saint Paul as a way to measure and set goals for improving access to shops and services. Then when I was back in New York a few weeks ago, I had the opportunity to meet Jason and his wife Alice Cook (their love story is one of the themes of his film) the day after When I Walk was awarded an Emmy. Of course, Jason and Alice were excited about winning the Emmy, but they were not just resting on their laurels. Instead, they hoped to use the publicity to build awareness of their AXS Map system. Now they’ve launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund the expansion of AXS with Map-a-thons in towns and cities throughout the world. Here is the link to the Kickstarter e-mail that includes a trailer for When I Walk and a description of the AXS Map system.
 

If we missed any, please post them in the comments, and we can update the list.

Of course that leaves well over a thousand ideas that have yet to be implemented, and on which the long struggle continues.

We are also familiar with the Post Hoc ergo Propter Hoc fallacy (and we at streets.mn also believe our readers read Latin). However we also understand Granger causality, and we think there is a causal mechanism (people read the blog). So we have no reluctance in claiming streets.mn gets results, and our posts have some predictive causality in changing the subsequent decisions in the real world.

Thanks especially to Janne, Chris, Anne, Bill, Joseph, and Monica for their input on this post, and all the streets.mn writers for writing posts that continue to make Minnesota, and the world, better.

 

Cross-posted from streets.mn

Information measures and cognitive limits in multilayer navigation

Riccardo Gallotti points me to this interesting working paper in arXiv:

Information measures and cognitive limits in multilayer navigation

Cities and their transportation systems become increasingly complex and multimodal as they grow, and it is natural to wonder if it is possible to quantitatively characterize our difficulty to navigate in them and whether such navigation exceeds our cognitive limits. A transition between different searching strategies for navigating in metropolitan maps has been observed for large, complex metropolitan networks. This evidence suggests the existence of another limit associated to the cognitive overload and caused by large amounts of information to process. In this light, we analyzed the world’s 15 largest metropolitan networks and estimated the information limit for determining a trip in a transportation system to be on the order of 8 bits. Similar to the “Dunbar number,” which represents a limit to the size of an individual’s friendship circle, our cognitive limit suggests that maps should not consist of more than about 250 connections points to be easily readable. We also show that including connections with other transportation modes dramatically increases the information needed to navigate in multilayer transportation networks: in large cities such as New York, Paris, and Tokyo, more than 80% of trips are above the 8-bit limit. Multimodal transportation systems in large cities have thus already exceeded human cognitive limits and consequently the traditional view of navigation in cities has to be revised substantially.

 

My take is this greatly supports things like Grid networks and network simplification (see the work of Jarrett Walker). This looked at rail. Think about buses. In a few years, people will just let their apps navigate them, and human cognition limits may fall off the chart.

HOT Lanes in the United States | The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport

The onset of High Occupancy/Toll (HOT) or express lanes is already happening across the US (Figure 13.1). Whereas road pricing requires everyone to pay for use of the facility, HOT lanes allow users to opt into paying a toll in exchange for assurance of uncongested travel (or travel for free or a discount if they are in a carpool). We foresee more HOT lane networks running adjacent to most urban freeways in the US, shaving some time off for those who chose to pay. HOT Lanes are compatible with road pricing systems that do not entirely eliminate congestion, as they provide higher reliability (just as FedEx offers alternative rates for same-day, overnight, and two-day delivery). HOT Lanes will also be important because they are likely to be the first roads to be entirely automated. Given their isolation from other lanes and the premium price, they can be automated much sooner than other roads, which will continue to serve mixed human and automated traffic for at least another decade past the onset of select lanes for automated cars. From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport. http://davidlevinson.org/the-end-of-traffic-and-the-future-of-transport/ Figure 13.1, Sources various. Special thanks to David Ungemah and Mark Burris.
The onset of High Occupancy/Toll (HOT) or express lanes is already happening across the US (Figure 13.1). Whereas road pricing requires everyone to pay for use of the facility, HOT lanes allow users to opt into paying a toll in exchange for assurance of uncongested travel (or travel for free or a discount if they are in a carpool). We foresee more HOT lane networks running adjacent to most urban freeways in the US, shaving some time off for those who chose to pay. HOT Lanes are compatible with road pricing systems that do not entirely eliminate congestion, as they provide higher reliability (just as FedEx offers alternative rates for same-day, overnight, and two-day delivery).
HOT Lanes will also be important because they are likely to be the first roads to be entirely automated. Given their isolation from other lanes and the premium price, they can be automated much sooner than other roads, which will continue to serve mixed human and automated traffic for at least another decade past the onset of select lanes for automated cars.
From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport
Figure 13.1, Sources various. Special thanks to David Ungemah and Mark Burris.

Food and alcohol expenditure by shares | The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport

In contrast with reduced shopping, and perhaps because of it, the trends in eating differ from those of retail. Over more than a century, eating out has eaten a larger share of the food budget, as shown in Figure 11.2. Going to restaurants is an increasingly important social activity. This is largely attributed to both efficiencies in food production and higher incomes enabling more of it to be spent on more expensive options.  From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport. http://davidlevinson.org/the-end-of-traffic-and-the-future-of-transport/  Figure 11.2 Source: USDA Economic Research Service, Table 1 http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-expenditures.aspx .
In contrast with reduced shopping, and perhaps because of it, the trends in eating differ from those of retail. Over more than a century, eating out has eaten a larger share of the food budget, as shown in Figure 11.2. Going to restaurants is an increasingly important social activity. This is largely attributed to both efficiencies in food production and higher incomes enabling more of it to be spent on more expensive options.
From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport
Figure 11.2 Source: USDA Economic Research Service, Table 1  .

MnPASS pricing algorithm to become a continuous function.

A reporter at the Star Tribune writes: The Drive: MnDOT to tweak MnPass pricing

The Minnesota Department of Transportation charges motorists driving alone anywhere from 25 cents to $8 during peak periods to use the special lanes that are otherwise reserved for carpools of two or more people, buses and motorcycles. But just how much a solo driver is charged is determined by an old complex algorithm operated by an outside vendor. It assesses real-time traffic conditions in the MnPass and the free lanes every 3 minutes and sets the price accordingly. Sometimes that leads to wild price spikes.

That’s about to change. MnDOT has been working with the University of Minnesota Traffic Observatory to develop a new algorithm that will be run in-house and should better set tolls and control how fast prices rise or fall. It’s expected to be in operation by the end of December, said MnDOT freeway engineer Brian Kary.

I am very happy to see this.

Many drivers use the prices posted on overhead signs to judge congestion levels downstream and decide whether to enter the HOT lanes. A sudden burst in traffic can send the MnPass lane price soaring and discourage drivers from entering the HOT lanes, which then become under used. Conversely, MnPass lanes become overcrowded when the price drops too low, thus decreasing the lanes’ efficiency.

Well, actually, when the price spikes, it attracts people, probably because they are using it as a signal of congestion ahead. As this very same reporter in this very same column reported on previously. Our paper on this phenomenon:

The article continues:

How much is too much?

Chicos said $3 is about the point when she would think twice about entering the toll lanes. For others, the cutoff seems to be about $5. Anything above that and drivers are less likely to use the lanes, according to MnDOT research.

Dense rush-hour traffic, a lane-blocking crash or a snowstorm that paralyzes traffic has the ability to instantly send tolls skyrocketing or drop just as fast.

HOT lane pricing has been about as bumpy as the pavement on I-394 was before MnDOT smoothed it out this summer. With the new algorithm, which Kary describes as a tweak to the old one, drivers should less rapid fluctuation as conditions change. The goal is to get more people in the HOT lanes, maximize their use and improve overall traffic flow.

“The old algorithm had a lot of price spikes that weren’t justified, probably because of its complexity,” Kary said. “The continuous pricing algorithm should smooth price transitions.”

More on continuous pricing algorithms in the report: MnPASS Modeling and Pricing Algorithm Enhancement. It is excellent to see research translated into practice.

How the World Beats Traffic | Ecofiscal Commission

I am on this recording of a Google Hangout, Just chillin’ with some folks talking road pricing.

Streamed live on Nov 2, 2015
Congestion is the bane of urban life in Canada, as it is elsewhere in the world. Too many people driving too many cars at the same place at the same time—that’s congestion. The Commission’s first OnAir Google Hangout will be a virtual panel discussion with international experts on how cities are using congestion pricing to combat gridlock. Chris Ragan, chair, will host and moderate the event.
Moderator:

Chris Ragan
Chair, Canada’s Ecofiscal Commission
McGill University, Department of Economics

International Experts:

Eric Jaffe
New York bureau chief, CityLab

David Levinson
Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota

Lauren Mattern
City Planner, Los Angeles, California
Former Analyst, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency

Sam Schwartz
CEO, Sam Schwartz Engineering
Former NYC Traffic Commissioner

Gunnar Söderholm
Head of the Environment and Health Administration, City of Stockholm

North American Carsharing | The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport

Figure 8.2 shows trends on carsharing in North America. It is not clear where market saturation is, and whether the dip in 2015 is just a data issue or indicative that perhaps ridesharing is stealing some carsharing thunder. Notably carsharing company Shift shuttered in Las Vegas in mid-2015.    From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport. http://davidlevinson.org/the-end-of-traffic-and-the-future-of-transport/   Figure 8.2 Source:  Shaheen, Susan and Adam Cohen (2015) Innovative Mobility Carsharing Outlook: Carsharing Market Overview, Analysis, and Trends – Summer 2015 http://innovativemobility.org/?project=innovative-mobility-carsharing-outlook-summer-2015.
Figure 8.2 shows trends on carsharing in North America. It is not clear where market saturation is, and whether the dip in 2015 is just a data issue or indicative that perhaps ridesharing is stealing some carsharing thunder. Notably carsharing company Shift shuttered in Las Vegas in mid-2015.
From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport
Figure 8.2 Source: Shaheen, Susan and Adam Cohen (2015) Innovative Mobility Carsharing Outlook: Carsharing Market Overview, Analysis, and Trends – Summer 2015 .

Sales of Electric Vehicles | The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport

In the early 2000s, Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (HEVs) started to become visible (especially in California), overcoming the range concerns as  electric power would be used on city streets, and the ICE could recharge the battery, at somewhat higher sales price than conventional vehicles. As shown in Figure 5.1, US sales are generally rising, but are still small for Hybrids and Electric Vehicles.  Sales outside the US are similarly low.   From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport. http://davidlevinson.org/the-end-of-traffic-and-the-future-of-transport/    Figure 5.1 Source: Electric Drive Transportation Association (2015) Electric Drive Sales Dashboard http://electricdrive.org/index.php?ht=d/sp/i/20952/pid/20952.
In the early 2000s, Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (HEVs) started to become visible (especially in California), overcoming the range concerns as electric power would be used on city streets, and the ICE could recharge the battery, at somewhat higher sales price than conventional vehicles. As shown in Figure 5.1, US sales are generally rising, but are still small for Hybrids and Electric Vehicles. Sales outside the US are similarly low.
From Levinson and Krizek (2015) The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport
Figure 5.1 Source: Electric Drive Transportation Association (2015) Electric Drive Sales Dashboard .